Showing posts with label charger. Show all posts
Showing posts with label charger. Show all posts
Friday, January 10, 2014
Solar Charger Circuit Project Using Transistors
A very simple solar charger circuit project can be designed using few external electronic parts . This simple solar charger circuit is capable of handling charge currents of up to 1A. Alternate component values are given in the figure for lower current applications.
Solar Charger Circuit Project Using Transistors circuit diagram :
The only adjustment is the voltage trip point when the current is shunted through the transistor and load resistor. This should be set with a fully charged battery. As the transistor and R3 have the entire panel’s output across them when the battery is fully charged, all of the current from the panel will be going through R3 and the Darlington transistor TIP112, so these must be well heat sunk. Adjust R1 for the trip point, usually 14.4 V – 15 V for a 12 V SLA or a 12 V Ni-Cd battery.
Source : http://www.ecircuitslab.com/2011/06/solar-charger-circuit-project-using.html
Wednesday, September 4, 2013
12V 4 AA Cell Differential Temperature Charger
This project includes a number of improvements over my older Temperature Controlled NICD Charger circuit. This circuit runs on 12VDC, allowing it to be used in a car or from a 12V solar power system. Additionally, a current sensor LED verifies that the cells are receiving charging current. Note that the current sensor circuitry is not shown in the circuit board photo above, it was added to the side of the main board via a small perfboard.
12V, 4-AA Cell Differential Temperature Charger Circuit diagram
The current is adjustable in three steps from 100 to 300mA, allowing fast charging of AA, AAA or other small cells. Battery packs from 1 to 6 cells can be charged with this circuit. NiMH and older NiCD cells are supported. The circuit is protected from reverse input voltage and reversed cells.
Connections:
12VDC power is supplied to the circuit from an external source such as a car battery system, a 12V solar power system or a regulated "wall wart" supply. If DC power is applied backwards, the 6A05 crowbar diode causes the 3A fuse to blow, protecting the circuit from reverse voltage. The power switch routes power to the 78L09 voltage regulator and the battery. The 78L09 regulator provides regulated power to the rest of the circuit.
The battery current loop starts with the +12V supply, then runs through the battery and through a 1N5819 reverse voltage protection diode. Current continues through the LM317 1 amp adjustable voltage regulator which is wired as a constant current source, through the IRFD110 power MOSFET transistor, which switches charging current on and off, through the 0.1 ohm current sensing resistor to ground (12VDC negative). The charge current is selected by jumpering one of three current-set resistors on the negative side of the LM317 regulator. The 120 ohm trickle charge resistor always allows 10mA of current to flow through the battery.
The temperature control part of the circuit starts with a matched pair of 10K NTC thermistors. One thermistor is epoxied to a small metal reference temperature plate. The other thermistor is epoxied to a metal battery holder. The temperature sensors are balanced by the calibrate potentiometer. The 100nF and 50nF capacitors across the thermistors cause different start-up time delays to insure that the following circuitry powers up in the off state.
The upper half of the TLC2272CP rail-to-rail op-amp is wired as a latching comparator when the Cal/Latch jumper is present (operate mode), the circuit becomes a regular comparator with hysteresis when the jumper is off (calibrate mode). Assuming the battery is cold and the circuit is in operate mode, the start switch turns the op-amp on for a charging cycle. When the battery temperature exceeds the reference temperature, the op-amp turns off and the diode in the feedback loop latches the op-amp off. The op-amp output also drives the IRFD110 current switch MOSFET.
The lower half of the TLC2272CP simply inverts the output from the upper part of the op-amp, this gives a bipolar drive signal for running the Red/Green Charging/Done light.
An optional current flow lamp was added to the circuit. Rechargeable batteries tend to get corroded contacts which can prevent the charging current from flowing. The lamp provides an indication that the charging current is really making its way through the batteries. The current Flow lamp circuit consists of an LM358 op-amp wired as a current measurement amplifier that monitors the voltage drop across a 0.1 ohm resistor. The LM358 is specially suited for this type of circuit. The output of the first LM358 stage is further boosted and offset by the second LM358 stage. This produces a digital signal that drives the indicator LED through a current limiting resistor. If you dont want to add the Current Flow circuit, replace the 0.1 ohm resistor with a wire jumper.
Construction:
The circuit was built on a custom home-built circuit board, a hand-wired perf board would also make a good platform for this project. The LM317 regulator is mounted on an aluminum heat sink under the main board, the heat sink should be kept away from the two temperature sensors. The reference temperature sensor is mounted to a small piece of aluminum that is thermally isolated from the battery holder and the rest of the circuitry. All of the sub-components are mounted on a piece of plexiglass or another non conducting material.
Calibration:
Put the circuit in one location and allow the temperature to stabilize for an hour or so. Remove the Cal/[Latch] jumper. Adjust the 20 turn Calibrate trimmer a little bit past the point where the Charge/Done light turns red. Put the Cal/[Latch] jumper back.
Use:
The charger should only be used in a cool location with a fairly constant temperature. Install the batteries to charge in the battery holder, start with the negative side of the socket and connect the alligator clip to the + side of the last cell. Put a piece of insulating foam over the battery holder to keep the warmth in the battery. If the battery is already hot, allow it to cool down before starting the charge cycle. The Charging/Done light should now be green.
Push the Start switch and the Charging/Done light should turn red. The Current Flow light should turn on, if it doesnt, try reseating the cells in the holder. After some amount of charging, the battery will warm up, the Charging/Done light will turn green and the battery charge cycle be finished. If you want to equalize the weaker cells in the battery, allow the pack to cool down then run another charging cycle, the second time should not take very long.
12V, 4-AA Cell Differential Temperature Charger Circuit diagram
The current is adjustable in three steps from 100 to 300mA, allowing fast charging of AA, AAA or other small cells. Battery packs from 1 to 6 cells can be charged with this circuit. NiMH and older NiCD cells are supported. The circuit is protected from reverse input voltage and reversed cells.
Connections:
- 12VDC (nominal) power input
- Connections for the Battery Under Charge
- Power On/Off switch
- Charge Start switch
- 3 step Charge Current Select jumper
- Calibrate/[Latch] mode jumper
- Temperature sensor calibrate trimmer
- Red/Green Charging/Done light
- Amber Current Flow light
12VDC power is supplied to the circuit from an external source such as a car battery system, a 12V solar power system or a regulated "wall wart" supply. If DC power is applied backwards, the 6A05 crowbar diode causes the 3A fuse to blow, protecting the circuit from reverse voltage. The power switch routes power to the 78L09 voltage regulator and the battery. The 78L09 regulator provides regulated power to the rest of the circuit.
The battery current loop starts with the +12V supply, then runs through the battery and through a 1N5819 reverse voltage protection diode. Current continues through the LM317 1 amp adjustable voltage regulator which is wired as a constant current source, through the IRFD110 power MOSFET transistor, which switches charging current on and off, through the 0.1 ohm current sensing resistor to ground (12VDC negative). The charge current is selected by jumpering one of three current-set resistors on the negative side of the LM317 regulator. The 120 ohm trickle charge resistor always allows 10mA of current to flow through the battery.
The temperature control part of the circuit starts with a matched pair of 10K NTC thermistors. One thermistor is epoxied to a small metal reference temperature plate. The other thermistor is epoxied to a metal battery holder. The temperature sensors are balanced by the calibrate potentiometer. The 100nF and 50nF capacitors across the thermistors cause different start-up time delays to insure that the following circuitry powers up in the off state.
The upper half of the TLC2272CP rail-to-rail op-amp is wired as a latching comparator when the Cal/Latch jumper is present (operate mode), the circuit becomes a regular comparator with hysteresis when the jumper is off (calibrate mode). Assuming the battery is cold and the circuit is in operate mode, the start switch turns the op-amp on for a charging cycle. When the battery temperature exceeds the reference temperature, the op-amp turns off and the diode in the feedback loop latches the op-amp off. The op-amp output also drives the IRFD110 current switch MOSFET.
The lower half of the TLC2272CP simply inverts the output from the upper part of the op-amp, this gives a bipolar drive signal for running the Red/Green Charging/Done light.
An optional current flow lamp was added to the circuit. Rechargeable batteries tend to get corroded contacts which can prevent the charging current from flowing. The lamp provides an indication that the charging current is really making its way through the batteries. The current Flow lamp circuit consists of an LM358 op-amp wired as a current measurement amplifier that monitors the voltage drop across a 0.1 ohm resistor. The LM358 is specially suited for this type of circuit. The output of the first LM358 stage is further boosted and offset by the second LM358 stage. This produces a digital signal that drives the indicator LED through a current limiting resistor. If you dont want to add the Current Flow circuit, replace the 0.1 ohm resistor with a wire jumper.
Construction:
The circuit was built on a custom home-built circuit board, a hand-wired perf board would also make a good platform for this project. The LM317 regulator is mounted on an aluminum heat sink under the main board, the heat sink should be kept away from the two temperature sensors. The reference temperature sensor is mounted to a small piece of aluminum that is thermally isolated from the battery holder and the rest of the circuitry. All of the sub-components are mounted on a piece of plexiglass or another non conducting material.
Calibration:
Put the circuit in one location and allow the temperature to stabilize for an hour or so. Remove the Cal/[Latch] jumper. Adjust the 20 turn Calibrate trimmer a little bit past the point where the Charge/Done light turns red. Put the Cal/[Latch] jumper back.
Use:
The charger should only be used in a cool location with a fairly constant temperature. Install the batteries to charge in the battery holder, start with the negative side of the socket and connect the alligator clip to the + side of the last cell. Put a piece of insulating foam over the battery holder to keep the warmth in the battery. If the battery is already hot, allow it to cool down before starting the charge cycle. The Charging/Done light should now be green.
Push the Start switch and the Charging/Done light should turn red. The Current Flow light should turn on, if it doesnt, try reseating the cells in the holder. After some amount of charging, the battery will warm up, the Charging/Done light will turn green and the battery charge cycle be finished. If you want to equalize the weaker cells in the battery, allow the pack to cool down then run another charging cycle, the second time should not take very long.
Thursday, August 1, 2013
Simple Ni cad charger Circuit Diagram
Simple Ni-cad charger Circuit Diagram uses constant current LEDs to adjust charging current. It makes use of LEDs that pass a constant current of about 15 mA for an applied voltage range of 2-18 V. They can be paralleled to give any multiple of 15 mA and they light up when current is flowing.The circuit will charge a single cell at 15, 30 or 45 mA or cells in. series up to the rated supply voltage limit (about 14 V).
Simple Ni-cad charger Circuit Diagram
Monday, April 8, 2013
Battery Charger Display Using LT1639
The Over-the-Top type of operational amplifier is ideal for use as a current sense for battery charger applications. The design described here can be used with chargers for rechargeable batteries (Lead/acid or NiCd etc). The 5 V operating supply for the circuit is derived from the battery on charge. The circuit uses a sense resistor R8 to determine the value of current flowing in or out of the battery. An LED output shows whether the battery is charging or discharging and an analogue output displays the battery charge or discharge current. The circuit can also be altered to shown different ranges of charging current to cater for higher capacity cells. IC1a and IC1b together with T1 and T2 form two current sources, which produce a voltage across R5. The voltage across R5 is proportional to the current through resistors R8 and R1 (for IC1a) or R8-R3 (for IC1b).
The current source formed by IC1a and T1 is active when the batteries are discharging and IC1b and T2 is active when the batteries are being charged. In each case the inactive opamp will have 0V at its output and the corresponding transistor will be switched off. IC1d amplifies the voltage across R5, which is proportional to the sense current. The component values given in the diagram produce an amplification factor or 10. A sense current of 0.1 A will produce an output voltage of +1 V. The supply voltage to the circuit is +5 V so this will be the maximum value that the output can achieve. This corresponds to a maximum charge/discharge current of 0.5 A To display currents from 0 to 5.0 A, resistor R7 can be omitted to give IC1d a voltage gain of 1.
Higher currents can be displayed by using a lower value of sense resistor R8. A DVM or analogue meter can be used at Vout to give a display of the charge/discharge current. The constant current sources can only function correctly when the supply to the voltage regulator circuit (UBatt. e.g. 6V or 12V) is greater than the operating voltage of the opamps (+5 V). The supply voltage to the LT1639 can be in the range of +3 V and +44V and voltages up to 40V over the supply voltage are acceptable at the inputs to the opamp. IC1c controls the charging/discharging LED output. The inputs to this opamp are connected to the outputs of the current source opamps and its output goes high when the battery is being charged and low when it is discharging.
[Continue reading]
The current source formed by IC1a and T1 is active when the batteries are discharging and IC1b and T2 is active when the batteries are being charged. In each case the inactive opamp will have 0V at its output and the corresponding transistor will be switched off. IC1d amplifies the voltage across R5, which is proportional to the sense current. The component values given in the diagram produce an amplification factor or 10. A sense current of 0.1 A will produce an output voltage of +1 V. The supply voltage to the circuit is +5 V so this will be the maximum value that the output can achieve. This corresponds to a maximum charge/discharge current of 0.5 A To display currents from 0 to 5.0 A, resistor R7 can be omitted to give IC1d a voltage gain of 1.Higher currents can be displayed by using a lower value of sense resistor R8. A DVM or analogue meter can be used at Vout to give a display of the charge/discharge current. The constant current sources can only function correctly when the supply to the voltage regulator circuit (UBatt. e.g. 6V or 12V) is greater than the operating voltage of the opamps (+5 V). The supply voltage to the LT1639 can be in the range of +3 V and +44V and voltages up to 40V over the supply voltage are acceptable at the inputs to the opamp. IC1c controls the charging/discharging LED output. The inputs to this opamp are connected to the outputs of the current source opamps and its output goes high when the battery is being charged and low when it is discharging.
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